Dilutions
Acid / base dilution
Turn a bottle label (%w/w + density) into a safe dilution protocol.
M = 10·%·ρ / MW ; C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Protocol result
⚗ Aliquot
Acid / base dilution · M = (10·%w/w·ρ)/MW ; C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂ · the lab bench, calculated
Acid / base dilution✓ M = (10·%w/w·ρ)/MW ; C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂
Measure 8.281 mL of the 37% stock (≈ 12.08 M) and dilute to 100 mL total.
1
Add about 80 mL of water to your vessel first.
2
Slowly add 8.281 mL of the concentrated acid into the water, swirling and cooling as needed. Never the reverse.
3
Top up to 100 mL total, about 91.72 mL water.
⚠
Always add acid to water, never water to acid, dilution is strongly exothermic. Use a fume hood and PPE.
Stock molarity
12.08 M
Target
1 M
Stock needed
8.281 mL
Water to add
91.72 mL