Buffers

Buffer / pH

Henderson-Hasselbalch, the acid/base split for a target pH.

pH = pKa + log₁₀([A⁻]/[HA])
Buffer (Henderson-Hasselbalch)pH = pKa + log₁₀([A⁻]/[HA])
Calculated live

For pH 8, combine 23.28 mM conjugate base with 26.72 mM acid.

1

Prepare a 50 mM total buffer solution.

2

Use a base : acid ratio of 0.871 : 1 (46.55% base, 53.45% acid).

3

Verify and fine-tune the final pH on a calibrated meter.

Henderson-Hasselbalch uses concentrations, not activities, it ignores ionic strength and activity effects. Real buffers can deviate by ~0.1-0.3 pH units; the pH meter is ground truth.

Target pH
8
[A⁻] base
23.28 mM
[HA] acid
26.72 mM
Ratio A⁻:HA
0.871
Buffer / pH, Aliquot